Patna:In Bihar’s 128-year weather history, Aurangabad has become the hottest place this year, recording a temperature of 48.2 degrees Celsius on May 29. This is only 8.5 degrees Celsius lower than the highest temperature ever recorded on Earth, 56.7 degrees Celsius in Death Valley, California, on July 10, 1913. Unlike Death Valley, Aurangabad is densely populated and vegetated, making this extreme heat particularly alarming. Experts warn that if this trend continues, large parts of Bihar could turn into a scorching furnace in the coming years.
Bihar’s ‘Heat Valleys’
Southwestern Bihar is experiencing temperatures that rival those of Rajasthan’s hottest areas. Much of the state, especially in June, is now in the grip of severe heatwaves, transforming the region into what could be described as ‘heat valleys.’ This year, three-quarters of Bihar, especially in the southwestern part, is experiencing extreme heat.
Record Temperatures in Southwestern Bihar
Districts such as Aurangabad, Buxar, Bhojpur, Nawada, Arwal, Sheikhpura, Jamui, Vaishali, Gaya, and Rohtas have recorded extreme temperatures this year. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has noted that since June 8, these areas have consistently recorded temperatures between 43 to 47 degrees Celsius. Previously, only Gaya was known for such extreme heat, but now districts like Aurangabad, Buxar, and Bhojpur are experiencing even higher temperatures, making both summers and winters in these areas increasingly unbearable.
Changing Nature of Heatwaves
The heatwave pattern in Bihar has changed significantly. The region now experiences more humid heatwaves rather than the dry ones typical in the past. This is a new weather phenomenon, with humid heatwaves being felt even in the usually cooler easterly winds. The IMD has identified southwestern Bihar as the most heatwave-prone area.
Extended Duration of Heatwaves
Five years ago, heatwaves in Bihar typically lasted about ten days. However, this year, heatwaves have already persisted for 33 days: ten days in April, fifteen days in May, and eight days in June so far. Severe heatwaves have been recorded for sixteen of those days. This year has seen the most extreme heatwave events, with three distinct heatwave periods in April and May and a continuous heatwave for the first eight days of June.
April Sees Temperatures Nearing 42 Degrees
In early April, Bihar recorded temperatures between 40 to 42 degrees Celsius. The heatwave was officially declared in mid-April, an unusually early occurrence.
Expert Opinions
Dr. Ras Bihari Singh, former Vice-Chancellor of Patna University, explains that Bihar’s heatwave situation is unprecedented and alarming. The increase in temperatures is attributed to urban construction practices involving brick, stone, and sand, which have made the heat unbearable. The removal of old trees for highway and road construction has decreased greenery, further exacerbating the heat. Concrete structures trap heat, preventing it from dissipating into the atmosphere. The decline in both surface and groundwater levels has negatively impacted the environment. The reduction in open spaces has compounded the issue. To mitigate this crisis, the planting of large fruit and shade trees is essential.
