When discussing history, Bihar’s name is inevitably mentioned. Located in northern India, Bihar is the second-largest state in the country. Historically, it was a religious center for Hindus, Jains, and particularly Buddhists. The state has witnessed the rise and fall of the Maurya and Gupta empires. Tourists visiting Bihar often observe a blend of two religions and are captivated by the local culture. Lord Mahavira, the great proponent of Jainism, was born and attained nirvana here. Bordered by Uttar Pradesh to the west, Nepal to the north, West Bengal to the east, and Jharkhand to the south, Bihar offers numerous significant historical sites to explore.
1. Rohtas Fort
Situated in the Rohtas district, Rohtas Fort, also known as Rohtasgarh Fort, is an ancient stronghold. It is believed that the fort was constructed by Rohitashva, the son of King Harishchandra, the grandson of the Suryavanshi King Trishanku of Ayodhya. This historic site attracts tourists from around the world.
2. Nalanda
Home to the world’s oldest university, Nalanda University, Nalanda continues to attract Buddhist scholars. The ancient ruins still stand as a testament to the region’s rich educational heritage.
3. Gaya
Gaya, situated on the banks of the Falgu River, is the second-largest city in Bihar. Similar to Varanasi, Gaya is renowned as a religious city. Thousands of devotees visit Gaya during the Pitripaksha period for pind-daan rituals. It is believed that performing these rituals on the banks of the Falgu River grants moksha (salvation) to the deceased.
4. Rajgir
Rajgir is a significant site for both Jain and Buddhist followers, where both Lord Buddha and Lord Mahavira spent considerable time. The city offers numerous religious and historical sites.
5. Vaishali
Vaishali, although a small district, is a major pilgrimage site for followers of Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism. Lord Buddha is said to have visited this place three times, and it was also an important site during his time.
6. Rajnagar Palace
Located in the Madhubani district, Rajnagar Palace is one of the most ancient and famous palaces in Bihar. Built by Maharaja Rameshwar Singh, it continues to draw tourists every month.
7. Pawapuri
Pawapuri holds great significance in both religious and historical contexts. It is believed to be the site where Lord Mahavira was cremated in 500 BCE.
8. Sher Shah Suri Tomb
The tomb of Sher Shah Suri, located in Sasaram, is an important historical site. Constructed around 1545, this tomb is an excellent example of Indo-Islamic architecture, situated in the middle of a lake.
9. Barabar Caves
Located in Sultanpur, the Barabar Caves are some of the oldest rock-cut caves in India, dating back to the Mauryan period. The caves are noted for their inscriptions by Emperor Ashoka and are a popular tourist destination.
10. Golghar
Situated in Patna near Gandhi Maidan, Golghar was constructed in 1784 by British engineer Captain John Garstin for grain storage. The unique dome-shaped structure can store up to 140,000 tons of grain.
These historical and cultural landmarks make Bihar a must-visit destination for those interested in India’s rich heritage.
